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2011년 5월 5일 목요일

파키스탄: 자살테러, 텔레반, 데모 등으로 점철된 혼란한 사회: Pakistan in Turmoil


최근에 오사마 빈 라덴이 5년간 머믈고 있었던 곳이 바로 파키스탄이다. 어떻게 버젓이 백만불이 넘는 대저택에 살고 있는데도 모르고 있었는지 많은 의혹이 가시질 않고 있다. 미국이 테러와의 전쟁을 선포하고 파키스탄을 텔레반으로부터 벗어나게 했지만 끝이 보이질 않는 미궁으로 빠지고 있다. 관심이 집중되고 있는 이 나라를 조사하였다.

파키스탄(우르두어پاکستان)은 남아시아에 있는 국가이다. 정식 명칭은 파키스탄 이슬람 공화국(우르두어: اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان 이슬라미 줌후리예 파키스탄)이다. 파키스탄은 전 세계에서 6번째로 인구가 많은 나라이자, 전 세계에서 2번째로 이슬람교도가 많은 나라이다.
수도는 이슬라마바드이며 주요도시로는 카라치라호르라왈핀디 등이 있다.
역사:
1947년 8월 15일영국으로부터 독립하였다. 그 당시에는 인도와 합쳐져 있었으나 종교적 이유로 인도로부터 분리 독립했다.
13년 동안 군정의 지배를 받았으나 1971년에는 방글라데시 독립 전쟁으로동파키스탄이 분리 독립하고 서파키스탄만이 남게 되었고 이 전쟁의 영향으로 아히야 칸 대통령이 사임하고 줄피카르 알리 부토가 선출되면서 군정 시대가 종식되었다. 부토는 새 헌법에 따라 총리가 된다.
그러나 1979년 무하마드 지아 울 하크 장군의 쿠데타로 부토 총리를 사형시키고 대통령이 되었다. 하크는 독재자로 군림하며 카리스마적이고 인기를 얻었으며 각국간의 관계를 개선하는데 노력했으나 1988년 의문의 비행기 사고로 사망했다.
뒤를 이어 이슬람 세계 최초의 여성 총리 베나지르 부토가 선출되어 2번에 걸쳐 총리직을 수행했으나 부패 혐의로 모두 실각했다.
1999년 다시 페르베즈 무샤라프 장군이 쿠데타를 일으켜 독재자가 되어 군림하다가 2008년 8월 18일에 무샤라프 대통령은 사임되고, 베나지르 부토의 남편이었던 자르다리가 새대통령에 당선되었다.
공용어우르두어
정부 형태대통령제 공화국
대통령
총리
아시프 알리 자르다리
유수프 라자 길라니
독립
• 독립
영국으로부터 분리 독립
1947년 8월 15일
면적803,940 ㎢ (36위)
 • 내수면 비율3.1 %
인구
 • 2006년 어림163,803,560명
 • 인구 밀도206명/㎢ (53위)
GDP (PPP)2007년 어림값
 • 전체$4,756억 (25위)
 • 일인당$3,004.5 (125위)
HDI0.562 (139위2006년 조사)
통화루피 (ISO 4217: PKR)
종교파키스탄 인구의 대부분은 이슬람교을 믿고 있으며, 그 중에서 수니파가 75%, 시아파가 20%를 차지하고 있다. 무슬림 외에는 기독교인이 2.5%로 가장 많으며, 그 밖에도 소수의 힌두교도, 불교도, 조로아스터교도, 시크교도 등이 있다. 이 중 기독교는 이슬람 원리주의에 의해 탄압받는 종교이지만, 무샤라프 대통령에 의해 종교의 자유를 보장받을 전망이다.
파키스탄의 종교인구의 구성은 영국령 인도의 분할에 의해 크게 바뀌었는데, 영국령 인도가 인도와 동서 파키스탄 등으로 분할 독립할 당시 7백만 명의 무슬림이 인도에서 파키스탄으로 이동했고, 반대로 6백만 명의 힌두교도와 시크교도는 파키스탄에서 인도로 이동하여 파키스탄에서 무슬림은 더욱 더 큰 수를 차지하게 되었다.
또한 파키스탄은 시크교와 대승 불교, 그리고 밀교의 발생지이기도 하다.

Pakistan army admits "shortcomings" over bin Laden

Pakistan's army has admitted to "shortcomings" in its efforts to locate Osama bin Laden. Thursday's statement is the first by the army since the raid on Monday that killed the al-Qaida chief. The army has been criticized for failing to locate bin Laden in a large compound in an army town not far from the capital Islamabad.


ISLAMABAD (AP) — Pakistan warned America Thursday of "disastrous consequences" if it carries out any more raids against terrorists like the one that killed Osama bin Laden, and hit back at international allegations it may have been harboring the al-Qaida chief.
But the government in Islamabad stopped short of labeling Monday's helicopter raid on bin Laden's compound an illegal operation and insisted relations between Washington and Islamabad remained on course.
With calls from some U.S. lawmakers to cut aid to Pakistan following the raid, the European Union said it would not turn its back on the nuclear-armed nation that is seen by many as key to helping negotiate an end to the war in Afghanistan.
The army and the government have come under criticism domestically for allowing the country's sovereignty to be violated. Some critics have expressed doubts about government claims that it was not aware of the raid until after it was over or scolded it for not reacting quickly enough and shooting down the helicopters.
Foreign Secretary Salman Bashir's remarks seemed to be aimed chiefly at addressing that criticism.
"The Pakistan security forces are neither incompetent nor negligent about their sacred duty to protect Pakistan," he told reporters. "There shall not be any doubt that any repetition of such an act will have disastrous consequences," he said.
Bashir repeated Pakistani claims that it did not know anything about the raid until it was too late to stop it. He said the army scrambled two F-16 fighter jets when it was aware that foreign helicopters were hovering over the city of Abbottabad, not far from the capital Islamabad, but they apparently did not get to the choppers on time.
American officials have said they didn't inform Pakistan in advance, fearing bin Laden could be tipped off.
Elements of Pakistan's army and Inter-Services Intelligence agency have long been suspected of maintaining links to Islamist militants, mostly for use as proxies in Afghanistan and Pakistan. While the country has worked with the United States to arrest many al-Qaida operatives since 2001, suspicion lingers it is playing a double game.
A Nation in Turmoil
Activists associated with the social group Muthahida Shehri Mahaz (United Citizens Alliance) burn an image of U.S. President Barack Obama during an anti-American rally condemning the killing of al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden, in Multan, May 8
Pakistani Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani addresses parliament in Islamabad on May 9. Pakistan met U.S. demands for an inquiry into how Osama bin Laden lived for years under the noses of its military but refused to be blamed alone for failing to find him sooner
Pakistani security personnel secure the area outside the Saudi consulate in Karachi on May 11, following a grenade attack. Drive-by attackers lobbed two grenades at the Saudi consulate. Officials reported no damage and no casualties after two men on a motorcycle threw the explosives at the heavily fortified building.
Pakistani Martha Mughar, 62, stands in her vegetables stall waiting for customers in an alley of a Christian neighborhood in Islamabad, May 12.
A man who was injured in twin suicide bomb attacks targeting a training center of paramilitary Frontier Constabulary, is rushed to a hospital in Peshawar on May 13. At least 66 of the 80 killed were paramilitary recruits and more than 70 were injured in the attack 
outside the training center in Shabqadar, Charsadda area.
Pakistani security officials at the site of bombing that occurred just outside the gate of a security force training school in Shabqadar near Peshawar, on May 13. The pair of explosions killed 80 people in a strike that the Taliban claimed was revenge for the death of Osama bin Laden.
Pakistani men stand looking at the house where al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden was caught and killed in Abbottabad, ending a nearly 10-year worldwide hunt for the mastermind of the Sept. 11 attacks. U.S. officials said bin Laden was found in the million-dollar compound in the military garrison town of Abbottabad, 35 miles north of Islamabad. The residents of Abbottabad were still confused and suspicious on May 5 about the killing of bin Laden, which took place in their midst before dawn on May 1

Soldiers keep guard around a compound wher al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden was killed in Abbottabad on May 2. Bin Laden was killed in a U.S. raid on the mansion near the Pakistani capital Islamabad, ending a nearly 10-year worldwide hunt for the mastermind of the Sept. 11 attacks. U.S. officials said bin Laden was found in the million-dollar compound in the military garrison town of Abbottabad, 35 miles north of Islamabad.A security official surveys the site of a roadside bomb attack in Karachi, April 28. Taliban militants detonated the bomb in the Pakistani city of Karachi, killing four members of the navy, the third attack on the navy in less than a week. A civilian was also killed in the blast and at least five people were wounded. Militants widened their targets to the Navy, having mostly focused prior attacks on Army and Airfoce.A Pakistani girl, one of a group who fled the Pakistani tribal areas of Bajur and Mohmand due to fighting between Pakistani security forces and militants, attends a makeshift school organized by UNICEF with the help of local government, in Jalozai camp near Peshawar, on April 25.In Peshawar, supporters of political party Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaf, carry a placard reading in Urdu 'Drone made me orphan' during a rally to condemn U.S. drone attacks targeting suspected Taliban and al-Qaida militants in Pakistan's tribal areas along the Afghan border, on April 24. A suspected unmanned U.S. aircraft fired five missiles into a house in the Spinwam area of the North Waziristan district near the Afghan border, on April 22, killing at least 25 people. The United States has intensified its drone campaign with more than 650 people killed last year in approximately 100 suspected missile attacks, which are highly unpopular in Pakistan.Pakistani human rights activists hold placards in the support of rape victim Mukhtar Mai during a demonstration in Karachi on April 23. Human Rights Watch called on Pakistan's government to seek a review of the acquittal of five men accused of gang raping a woman in order to punish her brother. Mukhtar Mai, whose case has drawn international outrage, was gang raped in 2002 on orders of a village council after her younger brother -- then 12 -- was alleged to have had relations with a woman from a rival clan.Police detain an activist of the Pakistani religious and political party Hizb ut Tahrir during an anti-American protest in Lahore April 17. Police detained two dozen activists after a scuffle broke out as party members attempted to rally past police lines in LahoreHindu devotees pay homage while moving from the crater of the Chandargup mud volcano to others nearby during an annual pilgrimage to the Shri Hinglaj Mata Temple in Pakistan's Balochistan province April 24. Thousands from Pakistan and India take part in the annual four-day pilgrimage to the temple, which is a revered site for Hindus.Photo: A man standing under a domeA man looks out from beneath a mosaic dome in Lahore’s Old Town. With nearly 175 million people, Pakistan is the world’s second most populous Muslim country, after Indonesia. Lahore is its second largest cityPhoto: A woman wearing colorful traditional dressA woman wears traditional dress in Chitral, a district in Pakistan’s North-West Frontier Province. Located in a valley of the rugged Hindu Kush, the picturesque area was popular with adventure tourists before conflict along the border with Afghanistan destabilized the regionPhoto: People on stairs in front of a mosque
From across Pakistan, the faithful gather at Badshahi Mosque in Lahore. Founded as a Muslim homeland in a 1947 partition from India, Pakistan has undergone decades of turmoil as a meeting place for two conflicting forms of Islam—the fierce fundamentalism of the Afghan frontier and the moderate Islam of the Indian subcontinentPhoto: People eating at an outdoor table
Food Street attracts crowds to its outdoor tables and traditional Pakistani offerings in Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province. Dozens of restaurants along the narrow street serve popular specialties like fried fish and chargha, a type of roast chicken. In 2009, authorities shut down the street after traffic complaints from neighboring residents, though parts have since been reopened.Photo: A climber in front of a snowcapped mountainThe world’s second highest mountain, K2 rises out of Pakistan’s mountainous northern border with China. At 28,250 feet (8,611 meters), K2 is considered one of the world’s deadliest peaks. A team of Italians was the first to summit the mountain in 1954.Hospital workers and naval security officials move the body of a bomb blast victim to a hospital morgue in Karachi April 26. Two bombs exploded near buses carrying navy officials in Pakistan's southern city of Karachi, killing four people and wounding over 56 others.Pakistani children help their family members to contruct their house in slums of Karachi, April 16.Released Indiam man, Gopal Das, center, waves as he crosses over to India at the Indo-Pak joint check post at Attari, April 7. Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari signed the release document for Gopal Das, who had been incarcerated at Kot Lakhpat prison in Lahore for 27 years. He was arrested on charges of spying and his jail term was remitted on humanitarian grounds and as a goodwill gesture on the advice of Pakistani Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani.British Prime Minister David Cameron, seated at left, and his Pakistani counterpart Yusuf Raza Gilani, sign a landmark agreement on enhanced strategic dialogue between the United Kingdom and Pakistan in five major areas including security and trade, in Islamabad, on April 5. Cameron's visit comes nine months after he alleged that elements in Pakistan were 'exporting terror'. The remarks caused a diplomatic row between the two countries, particularly since they were made during a visit to Pakistan's arch-rival India.An injured suicide bomber whose explosive vest partially detonated lies on the ground after a suicide bombing at the shrine of 13th century Sufi saint Ahmed Sultan (popularly known as Sakhi Sarwar), in Dera Ghazi Khan district, April 3. A pair of Taliban suicide bombers struck the shrine, killing 42 people and wounding 100. A teenager arrested as an accomplice to Pakistan's deadliest suicide bombing of the year has said that up to 400 suicide bombers are being groomed to wage carnage.

Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman. cemter, head of Islamic political party Jamiat Ulma-e-Islam (JUI), visits people who were injured when a suicide bomb attacker targeted rally of JUI, at a hospital in Peshawar, March 31. A suicide bomb attacker detonated explosives strapped to his body near a convoy of Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman, the second such attack on him in two days, killing at least 10 people and injuring more than dozen.

Pakistanis watch their national team play India during a ICC Cricket World Cup semi-final match, on a large screen in Islamabad March 30. India beat their arch-rival Pakistan by 29 runs in their World Cup semi-final.

Army soldiers stand over the coffins of Frontier Corps personnel during their funeral in Peshawar on March 29. Thirteen members of the Pakistani Frontier Corps, including a colonel, were killed in an apparent friendly fire incident. The deaths occurred during an anti-militant operation by the paramilitary Frontier Corps in Khyber, an ethnic Pashtun tribal region near the Afghan border.

Residents stand amidst the rubble near a police compound which was attacked by a suicide bomber in Hangu, March 24. A suicide bomber rammed his car into a police station near the northwestern town of Hangu, killing five people and wounding 25.

Pakistani tribal elder Malik Jalal, center, addresses a news conference in Peshawar to condemn a recent U.S. drone attack in North Waziristan which killed many people, March 18.

Police fire tear gas to disperse prisoners protesting in a jail in Hyderabad on March 15. Seven prisoners were killed while more than 20 were injuried in a clash that broke out between prisoners and police after a search for cell phones illegally kept by inmates. Pakistani prisons are often overcrowded and known for their poor conditions.

People gather around the bodies of victims after a rocket attack that killed six members of a family in Jafarabad, a district of Balochistan province, on March 12. Six members of a family. including four children, were killed by a rocket fired by suspected militants that hit their house.

Afghan refugee girls play in an alley of a slum on the outskirts of Islamabad.

Pakistani naval flag hosting team march past flags of the participating countries during a flag hosting ceremony of the multination naval exercise Aman 11 in Karachi on March 8. Exercise Aman 11 is third in line of its biennial series of exercises being conducted off Pakistan's coast.

Rescue workers shift an injured person at the scene of a huge bomb explosion, in Faisalabad, on March 8. A car bomb apparently targeted an office of a government investigation agency in Faisalabad, killing at least 20 people and injuring more than 100. Pakistan is under intense pressure to eliminate sanctuaries of Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters in its tribal region, but the militants have responded by intensifying attacks on security and government installations across the country.

Rescue workers shift an injured person at the scene of a huge bomb explosion, in Faisalabad, on March 8. A car bomb apparently targeted an office of a government investigation agency in Faisalabad, killing at least 20 people and injuring more than 100. Pakistan is under intense pressure to eliminate sanctuaries of Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters in its tribal region, but the militants have responded by intensifying attacks on security and government installations across the country.

Residents gather near a hole in the ground caused by a suicide bomb attack near a checkpoint in Hangu, in the northwest Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province, March 3. A suicide bomber drove a vehicle packed with explosives into a security checkpoint, killing at least nine people.

People attempt to collect oil spilled from an Afghanistan-bound NATO oil tanker after it was attacked by militants in Peshawar, March 3.

Unidentified relatives of slain Pakistani Minorities Minister Shahbaz Bhatti react as they look at his bullet-riddled car in Islamabad on March 2. Gunmen killed Bhatti, a Catholic Pakistani who had vowed to defy death threats following the murder of another politician opposed to an Islamic blasphemy law.

Pakistani spectators watch a dog-fighting tournament outside the village of Lora in the northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province on Feb. 27. Dog fighting and other forms of animal fighting are common in rural areas of Pakistan, where some 70 percent of the population of 167 million resides.

People watch NATO tankers burn after a bomb explosion in a suburb of Peshawar on Feb. 26. Militants frequently attack trucks traveling through the Khyber pass carrying supplies to NATO and U.S. troops in landlocked Afghanistan.

A camp set up by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees sits in the Mohmand tribal region near the Afghan border in Pakistan, Feb. 22. Some 50,000 people who fled military operation have been registered in two camps set up by the agency and Pakistani authorities.

Pakistani youth enjoy ride on a swing-boat as others watch, in a slum area on the outskirts of Islamabad, Feb. 21.

Pakistani Judge Rana Nisar Ahmad leaves with his security squad from Adiala prison in Rawalpindi, Feb. 12, after hearing a case on the assassination of ex-prime minister Benazir Bhutto. A Pakistani anti-terrorism court on Saturday issued an arrest warrant for former President Pervez Musharraf over the assassination of Bhutto.

Pakistani police with baton charge employees of the flagship Pakistan International Airlines outside Karachi International airport during a strike, Feb. 11. Police detained 20 of them after violent protests that caused PIA flights to be grounded for a second consecutive day. Airline staff have been on picket lines since Feb. 8, resulting in the cancellation of around 400 flights.

Relatives and officials pray near the coffins of victims who were killed in a suicide attack at a military training center in Mardan, in northwest Pakistan on Feb. 10. A boy in a school uniform blew himself up at a Pakistani army recruitment center, killing 31 cadets, officials said, in an attack that challenged government assertions that crackdowns have weakened militants.

A man smiles as a camel nuzzles him near sacks of grain in a wholesale market in Karachi, Feb. 9.

Tents of flood-displaced people are surrounded by water in southern Sehwan town on Feb. 7. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change executive secretary Christiana Figueres met with people displaced by last year's devastating floods. Catastrophic monsoon rains that swept through the country in July and August 2010 affected some 20 million people, destroyed 1.7 million homes and damaged 5.4 million acres of arable land.

A Pakistani girl shouts slogans while holding a defaced poster of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak during a rally in support of Egyptian anti-Mubarak protesters in Karachi, Feb. 6.

Supporters of a Pakistani socio-political group, Pasban, shout slogans during a protest against Raymond Davis, a U.S government employee suspected in the shooting deaths of two Pakistani men, in Karachi on Feb. 1. A Pakistani court ordered the government not to release an American official despite U.S. insistence that he has diplomatic immunity and has been detained illegally.

Models wait backstage for a show to begin at the Islamabad Fashion Week, on Jan. 27. Renowned Pakistani fashion designers showcase their wares over 4 days in the country's capital.

Pakistani school children attend an English class at an outdoor school in a slum of Islamabad, Jan. 20.

Supporters of a Pakistani religious party rally against Pope Benedict XVI's recent statements about Pakistan's blasphemy laws, in Lahore, on Jan. 17. Pope Benedict XVI urged Pakistan to reverse its blasphemy laws, saying they were a pretext for violence against non-Muslims, and demanded that all governments do more so Christians can practice their faith without fear.

A Pakistani cameraman films burning oil tankers after gunmen attacked a terminal in Dera Murad Jamali in southwest Pakistan, Jan. 15. Gunmen set ablaze 14 tankers carrying fuel for U.S. and NATO troops in Afghanistan.

U.S. Vice President Joe Biden speaks with cabinet ministers as he leaves following a meeting with Pakistan's Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani, second from left, in Islamabad on Jan. 12. Biden delivered a bold message of support for Pakistan during a trip to Islamabad, telling the country that America is "not the enemy of Islam". After talks with Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani he described as "extremely useful", Biden addressed anti-American sentiment in Pakistan, fanned by the ongoing war in Afghanistan and a covert U.S. drone campaign on its border.

Supporters of Pakistani religious party Sunni Tehreek, join other supporters in chanting slogans supporting Mumtaz Qadri, the alleged killer of Punjab governor Salman Taseer, during a rally calling for his release in Rawalpindi on Jan. 9. Salman Taseer was killed on Jan. 4 by his bodyguard, who was reportedly enraged by the governor's opposition to the country's blashphemy laws.

Residents hold placards during a rally protesting the killing of the Governor of Punjab, Salman Taseer in Lahore, Jan. 8.

Malik Mumtaz Hussain Qadri, the bodyguard arrested for killing Punjab Governor Salman Taseer, shouts religious slogans while being taken away by police after his court appearance in Islamabad on Jan. 5. Five hundred moderate Pakistani religious scholars have warned that anyone who expresses grief over the assassination of a senior ruling party official who opposed the country's blasphemy law could suffer the same fate.

Pakistani police officers collect evidence at the scene where Punjab Gov. Salman Taseer was shot dead by one of his guards, in Islamabad, Jan. 4. The governor of Pakistan's powerful Punjab province was assassinated by one of his guards.
Pakistan Leader Shot Dead by His Own Guard
Year of 2010

Supporters of various religious parties rally in support of the Pakistani blasphemy law in Karachi on Dec. 31, 2010. Business centers were shut in a strike called by Islamists to pressure the ruling party.

A handout picture released on Dec.21 by Pakistani military Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR) shows a Medium Range Ballistic Missile Hatf V (Ghauri) missile during a test fire from an undisclosed location in Pakistan. Pakistan successfully test fired Hatf V, medium-range ballistic missile -- a liquid fuel missile which can carry both conventional and nuclear warheads over a distance of 1300 kilometers (807 miles).

Elders of the Mehsud tribe, attend a Jirga, a centuries old tribal mechanism to resolve disputes, in Tank, a town neighboring south-Waziristran tribal region near the Afghan border in Pakistan on Dec. 20. Mehsud tribesmen gathered to highlight problems being faced by the persons displaced from the South-Waziristan area where the Pakistani military has been engaged in an operation against Taliban militants. Pakistani troops have claimed to have taken control of the South Waziristan district that is considered to be a safe haven for Taliban and Al-Qaeda militants.

Pakistani Christians offer prayers during a Christmas ceremony at the Cathedral church in Lahore on Dec. 19.

A Shiite Muslim boy walks on burning coal during commemorations of the Ashura festival in Lahore on Dec.15. Ashura falls on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and commemorates the death of Imam Hussein, grandson of Prophet Mohammad, who was killed in 680 A.D. during the battle of Kerbala.

An aerial view of tent camps housing flood victims in Dadu, Sindh province, Pakistan, on Dec. 6. The U.S. militray ended their relief mission on Dec. 2 after nearly four months. Huge areas are still under water though, preventing crops from being planted and leaving millions still dependent on aid.

A man works with molten steel at Ittehad Steel Mill in Islamabad, Pakistan on Nov. 30. Workers involved in steel making and casting work in one hour shifts here due to the extreme heat and the level of concentration required to work safely.

Pakistani firefighters extinguish a blaze on the site where a cargo plane crashed after taking off from Karachi on Nov. 28. At least eight people were killed when a Russian-made cargo plane crashed seconds after taking off from Karachi. The Ilyushin IL-76, bound for the Sudanese capital Khartoum, slammed into airport buildings in the Pakistani business capital.

Pakistani men offer Eid al-Adha prayers outside the Badshahi Mosque as Muslims across the world observe the holy festival of Eid al-Adha, in Lahore, on Nov.17. During the Eid al-Adha festival which lasts for three days, Muslims slaughter a permissible animal, generally goats, sheep, rams, cows, and camels. It is an essential religious rite in memory of the sacrifice performed by the prophet Abraham

Pakistani camel sellers drink tea at a sacrificial livestock market ahead of the Muslim festival Eid al-Adha in Lahore on Nov. 15. Eid al-Adha, which commemorates biblical patriarch Abraham's acceptance of God's command to sacrifice his son Ishmael falls on the 10th of Dhul al-Hijja on the Islamic calendar. As Ibrahim was allowed to sacrifice a ram, Muslim families mark the day by ritually sacrificing sheep, goats, cows and other livestock, the meat of which is also shared with the needy.

Rescue workers wash the floors where a suicide bomb attack occurred, targeting Friday congregational prayers, at a mosque in Darra Adam Khel, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province, Nov. 5. The attacked killed 67 worshippers and injured 70 others.

A policeman walks through the aftermath of an explosion at the shrine of Sufi saint Fareed Shakar Ganj a day earlier in Pakpattan, located in Punjab province Oct. 25. The bombing, which killed at least five and wounded 13, was the latest in a string of attacks targeting Sufis.

A policeman sits beside detained and hooded men inside a secure police van in Bahawalpur, located in Pakistan's Punjab province on Oct.14. Pakistan police arrested a group of suspected militants accused of plotting to kill the prime minister and several senior government figures, security officials said.

Villagers who have been displaced by floods use a boat to reach their destination as they return to their village of Khairpur Nathan Shah, in Pakistan's Sindh province, Oct. 13.

A resident stands on the street median as he watches fuel tankers burn along the road in Nowshera, in Pakistan's Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province, Oct. 7. Gunmen in Pakistan set fire to 40 supply trucks for NATO troops in Afghanistan distrupting the flow of goods and supplies across the border. Attacks against NATO supply convoys intensified prompting Pakistan to shut the route.

Supporters of Pakistani political party Muttahida Qaumi Movement stage a rally demanding the release and condeming the verdict against alleged Al-Qaida suspect Dr. Aafia Siddiqui, in Karachi, Sept 28. Siddiqui, a U.S.-trained Pakistani scientist was convicted in U.S. Federal court of trying to kill U.S. agents and military officers in Afghanistan and sentenced to 86 years in prison.

People scramble to receive government financial relief for flood victims in Larkana, Sindh province, Sept. 26. Weeks of floods have devastated large areas of the country, displacing more than 18 million people and damaging crops, orchards and livestock.

A participant raises a copy of Quran during a rally in Karachi on Sept. 17, to protest against a reported Quran desecration in the United States. Terry Jones, a pastor in Florida cancelled his plans to burn the holy book in protest of the planned expansion of a mosque near ground zero in New York. The plans to burn the Quran angered Muslims around the world, sparking protests in response.

Soldiers of Pakistan's paramilitary forces stand guard in Karachi on Sept. 17 as tensions mounted after the killing of Pakistani local leader Imran Farooq in London. Gangs torched vehicles and a shop in Karachi in response to the stabbing death of Farooq, an exiled Pakistani politician who sought asylum in the U.K.

Pakistani President Asif Zardari, right, and his Afghan counterpart Hamid Karzai. left, hold a joint press conference at the Presidential Place in Islamabad on Sept. 15. Karzai called for finding ways to tackle sanctuaries, training grounds and financial resources of terror networks, originating from within the two countries.

Stranded flood victims scramble for food rations, dropped by Pakistan Army soldiers from a helicopter on Sept. 13, near the village of Goza in Dadu district in Sindh province. Since the flooding began over six weeks prior, new devastation continues across the Sindh province as flood waters continue to rise and overcome new villages. The country's agricultural heartland has been devastated, with rice, corn and wheat crops destroyed. The army and aid organizations are struggling to cope with the scope and scale of the disaster that has left over a third of the country under water.

People rush for cover soon after an explosion during a Shiite procession in Quetta on Sept. 3. A blast at a Shiite procession killed at least 43 people in southwestern Pakistan in the third deadly attack in a week on the country's religious minorities.

A Pakistan army rescue helicopter attempts to distribute water to flood-affected residents in Ghouspur on Aug. 9.

Soldiers carry the body of a dead man amongst residents being evacuated by boat from Nowshera, located in Pakistan's northwest Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province, on July 31. Heavy monsoon rains have triggered the worst floods in decades in Pakistan's northwest, killing more than 400 people and forcing thousands from their homes as authorities struggle to reach stranded villagers.

A helicopter picks up dead bodies from the site of a plane crash in Islamabad on July 28. A government official said all 152 people on board the plane that crashed in the hills surrounding Pakistan's capital were killed.

Christians gather outside of the damaged United Presbyterian Church on July 23 in the Christian neighborhood of Daoodnagar, Faisalabad. 

Two Christian brothers, Rahid Emmanuel and Sajjid Emmanuel, who were accused of writing a blasphemous pamphlet critical of the Prophet Mohammed, were shot dead on July 19 outside a courthouse in Faisalabad. 
According to locals, announcements were made from mosques in Daoodnagar asking people to come out to fight rampaging Christians, resulting in approximately 400 to 600 Muslims attacking churches and shops in the Christian neighborhood.


A family laughs while watching acrobats perform at the Jan Baz circus in Islamabad on July 21. The circus, along with a summer festival, goes until July 25 at the Pothohair Village in the nation's capital.

Pakistani Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani, right, looks toward U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, left, as commerce ministers Makhdoom Amin Fahim, right, of Pakistan and Anwar Ul Haq Ahady of Afghanistan sign agreements in Islamabad on July 18. Walking in the center background is Special Representative for Pakistan and Afghanistan Richard Holbrooke.

Residents watch a polo match from hilltops at the start of the annual Shandur polo festival, about 124 miles northwest of Chitral on July 7. The polo festival, played at an estimated altitude of 12,139 feet, has been running annually since 1936.

Pakistani security officials examine the site of suicide bomb attacks at the Saint Syed Ali bin Osman Al-Hajvery shrine, popularly known as Data Ganj Bakhsh in Lahore on July 2. At least 41 people were killed in three suicide attacks at the tomb of an Islamic saint in the eastern Pakistani city of Lahore, police said.

Dozens of vehicles carrying supplies to NATO forces in Afghanistan, were attacked and burned by suspected Taliban gunmen in a field in Sangjani, located on the outskirts of Islamabad early morning June 9. The ensuing fire destroyed about 50 tankers and containers, killing at least six.

A man works behind a textile machine at a factory in Faisalabad on May 17. Power outages of up to 18 hours a day are threatening the government's credibility at a time when the U.S. is pressing it to step up the fight against the Taliban and al-Qaida.

Army soldiers escort Major General Sajjad Ghani, not pictured, as he arrives to inaugurate a water supply plan in the Khawazakhela area of the Swat valley on April 22. Although large parts of Swat, a former tourist destination, have been cleared of militants, most of the Taliban leaders are believed to have gone into hiding in its remote mountain areas and nearby districts.

Traders at Karachi's Stock Exchange stand outside their booths while observing the market on computer screens, on April 21. Pakistan's short-term money rates fell on Wednesday, but dealers said they were waiting for the result of a treasury bill auction later in the day in which cut-off yields are expected to rise by 5 to 10 basis points.

A darkened street in Lahore during a power outage on April 14. Pakistan is currently facing a power shortage of almost 5,000 megawatts because it has failed to build new power plants to keep up with the demand for electricity, resulting in prolonged outages every day.

Pakistani chefs prepare traditional dishes at a roadside restaurant in Karachi in the evening on April 11.

Pakistani policemen and supporters of Awami National Party (ANP) walk among bodies of people killed by a suicide bomb attack in Timargarah, the main town in the district of Lower Dir on April 5, where Pakistan waged a major offensive against local Taliban insurgents last year. Police said the bomber tried to get into the ground where the ANP was holding a meeting, but he was stopped and blew himself up, killing 41 people.

An injured child cries as he sits next to other victims at the site of suicide bombing in Saidu Sharif, a town in the Swat Valley, March 13. A suicide attacker struck a security checkpoint in northwest Pakistan, killing scores of people and injuring dozens.

Soldiers inspect a cave that the Pakistan Army said was built and used by the Pakistani Taliban in Damadola on March 2.

Supporters of a Pakistani religious party Jamaat-e-Islami hold a rally demanding the release of accused al-Qaida associate Aafia Siddiqui, Feb. 21, in Islamabad. Siddiqui, 37, was convicted of two counts of attempted murder.

Alleged Taliban commander Abdullah, who goes by the alias Abu Waqas, gestures while flanked by security officials as he appears at a court in Karachi on Feb. 18. According to police officials, Abdullah was involved in recruiting female suicide bombers.

U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates, center, attends a wreath laying ceremony with Pakistani Army Chief General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani in Rawalpindi on Jan. 21. Gates praised the efforts of the Pakistani army, while pressing for further action against militants carrying out cross-border attacks into Afghanistan.

A Pakistani policeman escorts hand-cuffed men identified as Aman Hassan Yemer, left, Ahmed Abdulah Minni, second left, Waqar Hussain Khan, right, Ramy Zamzam, left rear, and Umar Farooq, right rear, as they leave a police station after their court appearance in Sargodha, Punjab province, on Jan. 4. Police say the five Americans contacted the Taliban over the Internet and plotted attacks inside Pakistan. They arrived under heavy security, with armed policemen and elite forces on rooftops and guarding roads in Sargodha, the town where they were detained a month earlier.

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