2012년 내쇼날 지오그라픽 사진전 수상작: Winners of the National Geographic Photo Contest 2012

Winners of the National Geographic Photo Contest 2012

The winners have just been announced of this year's National Geographic photo contest. The Society received more than 22,000 entries from over 150 countries. Presented here are the winners from the three categories of People, Places, and Nature, captions provided by the photographers. The Grand Prize Winner receives $10,000 and a trip to National Geographic headquarters in Washington, D.C., to participate in the annual National Geographic Photography Seminar in January 2013. Be sure to also see earlier In Focus collections of entries: Part I and Part II.

Grand-Prize Winner: The Explosion! The subject's name is Busaba, a well cared for Indochinese Tigress whose home is at Khao Kheow Open Zoo, Thailand. I had taken many portraits of Busaba previously and it was becoming more and more difficult to come up with an image that appeared any different to the others. Which is why I took to observing her more carefully during my visits in the hope of capturing something of a behavioral shot. The opportunity finally presented itself while watching Busaba enjoying her private pool then shaking herself dry. In all humility I have to say that Mother Nature smiled favorably on me that day! (© Ashley Vincent/National Geographic Photo Contest)

First Place, Places Category: The Matterhorn, 4,478m, at full moon. (© Nenad Saljic/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Viewers' Choice for Places: Iceberg Hunters - Chipping ice off an iceberg is a common way for the Inuit community to retrieve fresh drinking water while on the land. During a weekend long hunting trip, we came upon this majestic iceberg frozen in place. It was a perfect opportunity to grab enough ice and drinking water for the remainder of the trip. (© Adam Coish/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Viewers' Choice for Nature: Tender Moment - Everyday in Mara starts with something new and different and day ends with memorable experiences with spectacular photographs. I was very lucky to sight and photograph Malaika, the name of this female Cheetah, and her cub. She is well known for her habit of jumping on vehicles. She learned that from her mother Kike, and Kike from her mother Amber. Like her mother she is teaching lessons to her cub. This is a tender moment between Malaika and her cub. I was very lucky to capture that moment. (© Sanjeev Bhor/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Honorable Mention, People: Captive - Yayasan Galuh Rehabilitation Center is an impoverished mental health facility based in Bekasi, Indonesia that hosts over 250 patients. Most come from poor families no longer interested in managing their condition, or are unable. Some patients are homeless, deposited after being taken off streets by police The only medical treatment received is for skin conditions. No assessments, psychotherapy or psychiatric medications is available. Over one third of the patients are shackled in chains. These measures are implemented to those thought to be violent, uncontrollable and dangerous. (© Wendell Phillips/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Viewers' Choice for People: Expedition Amundsen - A race that follows in the path of the famous explorer Roald Amundsen brings the contestants to the Hardangervidda Mountainplateu, Norway. 100km across the plateau, the exact same route Amundsen used to prepare for his South Pole expedition in 1911 is still used by explorers today. Amundsen did not manage to cross the plateau and had to turn back because of bad weather. He allegedly said that the attempt to cross Hardangervidda was just as dangerous and hard as the conquering of the South Pole. The group in the picture used the race as preparations for an attempt to cross Greenland.(© Kai-Otto Melau/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Honorable Mention, Places: Eerie Eiffel - The gloomy winter day worked to my advantage to create this eerie feeling of the famous landmark Eiffel tower. (© Indra Swari Wonowidjojo/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

First Place for People: Amongst the Scavengers - In Dandora, Kenya. At the end of the day women are allowed to pick through the dumpsite. (© Micah Albert/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Honorable Mention, Nature: Predation up close and personal - Near Komodo, Indonesia, I was surrounded by thousands of fish that moved in synchrony because of the predation that was happening. It was an incredible experience.(© Fransisca Harlijanto/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Honorable Mention, Nature: Red Fox catching mouse under snow - With his exceptional hearing a red fox has targeted a mouse hidden under 2 feet of crusted snow. Springing high in the air he breaks through the crusted spring snow with his nose and his body is completely vertical as he grabs the mouse under the snow. In Squaw Creek, Park Country, Wyoming.(© Micheal Eastman/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Honorable Mention, People: Chinese traditional dragon boat racing - Dragon boating is a Chinese traditional entertainment. As an aquatic sport to commemorate Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet in ancient China, it is usually held in festivals, which can be traced back to two thousands years ago. (© 关嘉城/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Honorable Mention, Nature: East of Iceland - Glacial ice washes ashore after calving off the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier on Iceland's eastern coast. During the waning light of summer this image was created over the course of a 4 minute exposure while the photographer backlit the grounded glacial ice with a headlamp for 2 of those 4 minutes. (© Eric Guth/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Honorable Mention, Nature: Ursus arctos horribilis - This photo of a wild Alaskan brown bear digging on a game trail was taken with a homemade motion-controlled triggering device hooked up to my DSLR. Location: Bear Creek, Lake Aleknagik, Alaska.(© Jason Ching/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

Honorable Mention, People: Stilt Fishing - Stilt fishing is a typical fishing technique only seen in Sri Lanka. The fishermen sit on a cross bar called a petta tied to a vertical pole planted into the coral reef. This long exposure shot shows how unstable their position is.(© Ulrich Lambert/National Geographic Photo Contest) 

북한의 실상: A Look Inside North Korea

A Look Inside North Korea

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un assumed his position just over a year ago, following his father's death in late 2011. Under his direction, North Korea has taken some aggressive steps, including launching a rocket despite international condemnation and cracking down even harder on those attempting to flee the country. At the same time, Kim has given a few public indications that the country's "military-first" economy needs to change. And just yesterday, during a New Year's address, he said that "removing confrontation" between North and South Korea was an important step toward reunification. The two nations are still officially at war, having never signed a peace treaty following the end of the Korean War 60 years ago. As South Korea's new president-elect prepares to take office, Kim continues to send mixed messages to the world, declaring 2013 a year of "radical turnabout." The photos of North Korea gathered here were taken recently either by official photographers, or by western photographers under government supervision, their subjects and movement restricted. 

This picture taken on December 15, 2012 shows North Korean girls dancing during a performance at a nursery school in the North Korean border town of Siniuju, across from China's northeastern city of Dandong. (Wang Zhao/AFP/Getty Images) 

A portrait of late North Korean leader Kim Il Sung glows under a spotlight as dusk descends upon Pyongyang, North Korea, on December 14, 2012. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

North Koreans take pictures with their mobile phones as they watch fireworks to bring in the new year in Pyongyang, on January 1, 2013.(Reuters/Kyodo) 

North Koreans play with a balloon as they wait outside Pyongyang stadium for the countdown to the new year on Monday, December 31, 2012. North Koreans celebrated the arrival of the new year, marked as "Juche 102" on North Korean calendars. "Juche" means "self reliance," the North Korean ideology of independence promoted by North Korean founder Kim Il Sung, and modern-day North Korean calendars start with the year of his birth in 1912. (AP Photo/Kim Kwang Hyon) 

A North Korean boy runs on a hilltop in the countryside in North Korea's North Phyongan Province, on April 8, 2012.(AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) 

A North Korean teacher walks down a flight of stairs at a nursery school in the northeastern North Korean border town of Sinuiju, on December 15, 2012. (Wang Zhao/AFP/Getty Images) 

North Korean soldiers stand guard in front of the country's Unha-3 rocket at Sohae Satellite Station in Tongchang-ri, North Korea, on April 8, 2012. (AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) 

North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un smokes a cigarette at the General Satellite Control and Command Center after the launch of the Unha-3 (Milky Way 3) rocket carrying the second version of Kwangmyongsong-3 satellite at West Sea Satellite Launch Site in Cholsan county, on December 12, 2012, in this picture released by the North's KCNA news agency in Pyongyang December 13, 2012. (Reuters/KCNA) 

North Korean scientists work as a screen shows the Unha-3 rocket being launched from a launch pad at the West Sea Satellite Launch Site, in this picture released by the North's official KCNA news agency in Pyongyang December 12, 2012. (Reuters/KCNA) 

This picture taken by North Korea's official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on December 12, 2012 shows North Korean rocket Unha-3, carrying the satellite Kwangmyongsong-3, lifting off from the launching pad in Cholsan county. North Korea's leader has ordered more satellite launches, state media said on December 14, 2012, two days after Pyongyang's long-range rocket launch triggered global outrage and UN condemnation. (KNS/AFP/Getty Images) 

North Korean farmer O Yong Ae sits at her home during an interview at the Migok Cooperative farm in Sariwon, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea, on September 23, 2012. Farmers would be able to keep a bigger share of their crops under proposed changes aiming to boost production by North Korea's collective farms, which have chronically struggled to provide enough food for the country's 24 million people. Current rules require them to turn everything over to the state beyond what farmers can keep to feed their families.(AP Photo/Vincent Yu) 

North Korean children carry hay on a road near Mount Kuwol in South Hwanghae province, on November 20, 2012.(AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

A North Korean man looks out from a broken window of a bus in Pyongyang, on September 22, 2012. (AP Photo/Vincent Yu) 

North Koreans flip colored cards to form giant portraits during an Arirang mass games performance in Pyongyang, on September 9, 2012.(AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) 

North Koreans performers flip colored cards to form a giant picture of a handgun during an Arirang mass games performance in Pyongyang, on August 8, 2012. (AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) 

North Korean waitresses prepare to serve beer at the Mansugyo Soft Drink restaurant in Pyongyang, on December 20, 2012. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un ordered the reconstruction of the restaurant that stood for decades along the Taedong river. The restaurant specializes in seven flavors of beer, cocktails, coffee and snack food. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

North Korean military members chat as they line up at a stadium in Pyongyang during a mass meeting called by the Central Committee of North Korea's ruling party, on April 14, 2012. (AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) 

South Korean Army soldiers patrol along the barbed-wire fence at the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Cheorwon, north of Seoul, South Korea, on December 20, 2012. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has called for the development of more powerful rockets after last week's successful launch of a satellite into space. (AP Photo/Yonhap, Lee Hae-Yong) 

A truck, retrofitted to run on a barrel of burning wood, stops on a road in Hamhung, North Korea, on August 11, 2012.(AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) 

The 105-story Ryugyong Hotel, which remains under construction, stands over residential buildings in Pyongyang, on November 19, 2012.(AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un and his wife Ri Sol-Ju attend the opening ceremony of the Rungna People's Pleasure Ground on Rungna Islet along the Taedong River in Pyongyang in this July 25, 2012 photograph. The Rungna People's Pleasure Ground has attractions such as a dolphinarium, a wading pool, a fun fair and a mini golf course, according to KCNA. (Reuters/KCNA) 

North Korean workers arrange model tanks with the North Korean People's Army flags in a parade formation in front of a replica of the Grand People's Study House at the Pyongyang Folk Park, on November 18, 2012. The park, which spans Korean history from prehistoric to modern times, opened in September, 2012 after three years of construction by the North Korean soldiers. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un prepares to take a ride with other high-level officials during the opening ceremony of the Rungna People's Pleasure Ground along the Taedong River in Pyongyang, on July 25, 2012. (Reuters/KCNA) 

A North Korean amusement park vendor waits for customers in the northeastern North Korean border town of Sinuiju, on December 15, 2012. (Wang Zhao/AFP/Getty Images) 

A North Korean fisherman pilots a boat with cormorants perched onboard, in the Yalu River near the North Korean town of Sinuiju, facing the Chinese border city of Dandong, on October 23, 2012. (Reuters/Aly Song) 

A North Korean traffic coordinator stands on a roadside near portraits of the late leaders Kim Il Sung, left, and Kim Jong Il during a foggy morning on in Pyongyang, on December 17, 2012. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

North Korean students study in front of portraits of the country's late leaders Kim Il Sung, left, and his son Kim Jong Il at the Kim Chaek University of Technology in Pyongyang, on September 20, 2012. (AP Photo/Vincent Yu) 

Kim Jong-un visits the Thrice Three-Revolution Red Flag Kamnamu (persimmon tree) Company under the Korean People's Army Unit 4302 in this undated picture released by the North's official KCNA news agency in Pyongyang, on August 24, 2012. (Reuters/KCNA) 

North Korean defectors bow to respect for their ancestors in North Korea to celebrate the Chuseok, the Korean version of Thanksgiving Day, in front of the barbed wire fence at the Imjingak Pavilion, near the demilitarized zone of Panmunjom, in Paju, South Korea, on September 30, 2012. (AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon) 

North Korean war veterans arrive to attend celebrations of "War Victory Day," which falls on July 27, of the 1950-53 Korean War in Pyongyang, on July 26, 2012. (Reuters/KCNA) 

North Korean children push a bus in a street in Pyongyang, on September 20, 2012. (AP Photo/Vincent Yu) 

North Korean women rehearse martial arts movements and dance routines on a street of Pyongyang, on November 18, 2012.(AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

North Koreans stand near murals depicting heroic soldiers on the road from Pyongyang to Sariwon town in North Hwanghae province, on November 20, 2012. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

Slogans honoring the leadership are displayed during a mass rally organized to celebrate the success of a rocket launch that sent a satellite into space on Kim Il Sung Square in Pyongyang, on December 14, 2012. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

North Korean women work at the cashier table of a bookstore in Pyongyang, on December 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan) 

Workers repair a ship on Yalu River in the North Korean town of Sinuiju, opposite the Chinese border city of Dandong, on December 16, 2012. (Reuters/Jacky Chen) 

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un delivers a New Year address in Pyongyang in this picture released by the North's official KCNA news agency, on January 1, 2013. (Reuters/KCNA) 

A woman stands along the bank of the Taedong River at the end of the day in Pyongyang, on September 13, 2012.(AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) 

치매 예방법

치매를 예방하는 확실한 방법

"저 사람 이름이 뭐였더라? 이름이 가물가물하네!"

"좀 전에 시계를 풀어서 어디다 뒀더라?"

40~50세쯤 되면 누구나 한두 번 경험한 증상이다.

이처럼 깜빡깜빡하는 일이 너무 자주 반복되면

''''나 혹시 치매 아냐?'''' 하고 걱정하게 된다.

그러나 치매와 건망증은 다르다.

치매는 기억 전체를 잊어버리는 것이지만

건망증은 평범한 노인에게 나타나는 자연스러운 일로 기억의 일부를 잊는 것이다.

예를 들어 내 가족 이름이 생각나지 않는다거나

날짜나 요일 개념이 가물가물하고

심지어 자기 집으로 가는 길을 까먹어 헤매야 하는 정도라면 치매를 의심해볼 만하다.

수명이 늘고 고령화사회가 빠르게 진행되면서 치매환자가 급증하고 있다.

지난 11년간 노인치매 외래진료의 연평균 증가율은 25.4%로 20개 주요 질환 중 가장 높았다.

치매 원인은 퇴행성 질환( 알츠하이머병), 뇌혈관 질환(혈관성 치매), 대사성 질환(영양결핍),

내분비질환, 감염성 질환, 중독성 질환, 뇌종양 등 여러 종류가 있다.

치매 중 알츠하이머는 전체 치매의 50~70%를 차지하는 가장 흔한 유형이다.
치매환자의 20~30%를 차지하는 뇌혈관성 치매는

고혈압이나 당뇨병, 술과 담배와 같이 뇌혈관에 해로운 환경에 노출되면서 발생한다.

술에 의한 알코올성 치매는 전체 환자의 약 10%를 차지하는 것으로 추산되고 있다.

 혈관질환ㆍ우울증 등도 치매진행 촉진 치매는 노인성 반점,

즉 베타아밀로이드라는 단백질이 비정상적으로 축적되면서 시작된다.

아밀로이드가 쌓이기 시작하는 나이는 평균 50세 정도인 것으로 알려져 있다.

이 노인성 반점은 자라면서 뇌의 신경세포를 무참히 파괴하며 뇌 기능을 점차 위축시킨다.

15년 정도 지나면서 비정상적으로 쌓인 베타아밀로이드의 양은 일정량에 다다르지만,

아직 우리가 소위 말하는 노망과 같은 치매 증상을 일으킬 정도로 위력을 발휘하지 못한다.

치매 발병 직전이라는 얘기다.

만약 이 상태를 계속 방치할 경우 노인성 반점이 점점 커져 대뇌피질 전체로 퍼져

뇌를 장악해 가다가 어느 날 결국 한계에 다다르게 된다.

이때가 되면 평소와 다른 언어와 행동이 나타나기 시작한다.

확장된 노인성 반점은 본격적으로 그 기세를 몰아서 대뇌피질 전체를 장악해

진짜 치매로 발전한다.

치매를 예방하는 확실한 방법치매를 예방하는 확실한 방법 50가지를 소개합니다.

1. 아침마다 맨손체조를 하라.

2. 좋은 물을 많이 마셔라.

3. 감사 기쁨의 말을 쓰고, 원망 비난의 말을 사용 말라.

4. 뇌에 영양을 주는 식품을 섭취하라. 호두, 잣, 토마토, 녹차가 좋다.

5. 두부 청국장등 콩류를 많이먹어라. 콩은 뇌 영양 물질덩어리다.

6. 계란은 완전식품이다. 콜레스테톨 따위 신경 쓰지 말고 먹어라.

7. 식탁에 멸치그릇을 놓아두고 수시로 먹어라. 멸치는 보약이다.

8. 치아가 손상되면 바로 고쳐라. 이가 없으면 치매도 빨리 온다.

9. 음식은 꼭꼭 씹어 먹어라.

10. 편식하지 말라.

11. 고민 갈등에 노예가 되지 말라.

12. 호두를 주머니에 넣고 다니며 굴리기를 하라.

13. 박수를 열심히 쳐라.

14. 화가에게는 치매가 없다. 손으로 많이 그려라.

15. 악단 지휘자는 모두 장수한다. 손을 많이 쓰라.

16. 뜨개질을 하라.. 머리와 손을 많이 사용하라.

17. 가운데 손가락을 마찰하라. 뇌가 즉각 반응한다.

18. 손을 뜨거울 때까지 비벼라. 그 손으로 온몸을 마찰하라.

19. 집 앞을 쓸어라. 청소도 되고 운동도 된다.

20. 때로는 몸만 쉬지 말고. 생각도 쉬어라.

21. 뜨겁게 사랑하라. 사랑이 뜨거우면 치매는 도망친다.

22. 화내지 말라. 흥분 할 때마다 수십만 개의 뇌세포가 파괴된다.

23. 남을 미워 말라. 미움은 피에 독성물질을 만들어 낸다.

24. 과거에 집착 말라. 미래를 설계하라.

25. 잔소리하지 말라. 하는 者나 듣는 者나 다 같이 氣가 소진된다.

26. 짜증은 체질을 산성으로 만든다.산성체질은 종합병원이다.

27. 머리는 차게 발은 따뜻하게 하면 의사가 필요 없다.

28. 겨울 외출 시에는 방한모와 장갑을 꼭 지참하라.

29. 정수리를 10분 씩 두드려라. 뇌에 좋은 자극이 된다.

30. 헌 마음 버리면 새 마음이 들어온다.

31. 책이나 글을 많이 읽어라.소리내어 읽으면 최고의 뇌운동이다.

32. 이름 전화번호 숫자와 지명 등을 열심히 외워라. 머리를 쓰라.

33. 취미 생활은 삶의 윤활유다. 적극적으로 취미 활동을 하라.

34. 스트레스가 만병의 원인이다. 빨리 풀어라.

35. 스님은 치매가없다. 108배의 효능이 두뇌까지 영향을 미친다.

36. 대화 상대를 만들어라. 외로움은 가장 큰 형벌이다.

37. 노래방기기를 장만하라. 노래와 춤은 치매예방의 최고다.

38. 글의 쓰기와 읽기를 생활화하라. 뇌 운동에는 그만이다.

39. 퍼즐 게임 끝말 읽기를 즐겨보라. 머리가 녹슬지 않는다.

40. 낙천적인 사람은 치매에 걸리지 않는다. 성격을 개조하라.

41. 많이 움직여라. 몸도 마음도 활동이 멈추면 병들게 마련이다.

42. 호기심을 가져라. 삶의 윤활유가 된다.

43. 봉사와 베푸는 마음은 뇌를 건강하게 한다.

44. 밥을 잘 먹고 숙면을 취하라. 잘 먹고 잘 자는 사람이 건강하다.

45. 박장대소 포복절도 요절복통의 달인이 되라.

46. 억지로 참다 보면 뇌세포에 손상이 온다.

47. 청소와 세탁은 기계로 하지 말고 손 청소 손빨래로 하라.

48. 술, 담배와 결별하라.

49. 명상과 호흡을 배워 여유 있는 마음을 가져라.

50. 신앙을 가져라. 신앙의 힘은 기적을 만든다.