shineyourlight: 7월 2015

2015년 7월 30일 목요일

지진 후 3개월이 된 네팔 : Nepal, Three Months After the Earthquakes

Three months have now passed since massive twin earthquakes struck Nepal, killing more than 8,800 people, injuring more than 22,000, flattening nearly 600,000 homes, and leaving millions still in need of food, clean water and adequate shelter. Though residents are working to return to their normal lives, Nepal is still reeling from the disasters in April and May. The World Bank announced in June that it will provide up to 500 million dollars for reconstruction. Today, months after the quakes, nearly 3 million survivors, many in mountainous, hard-to-reach areas, still need urgent help, according to a U.N. report published earlier this month. Collected here are images of Nepal’s slow work toward recovery.

Nepalese students wait for their school bus in front of a collapsed house as thousands of schools across the districts hit hardest by two major earthquakes in Nepal reopened on May 31, 2015, in Kathmandu, Nepal. With most school buildings damaged or unsafe, the Education Ministry ordered that classes be held in temporary classrooms. According to a UNICEF statement, 32,000 classrooms were destroyed and 15,352 classrooms were damaged after the two major earthquakes in Nepal.

Niranjan Shrestha / AP
Earthquake victims, carrying tin roofs to rebuild a house, walk along a track near fields at Barpak village at the epicenter of the April 25 earthquake in Gorkha district, Nepal, on May 21, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
Earthquake survivor Maya Gurung reaches to hold a young baby as she sits in a wheelchair in the grounds of a hospital in Banepal on the outskirts of Kathmandu on June 3, 2015.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
A view of collapsed and damaged houses at Barpak village at the epicenter of the April 25 earthquake in Gorkha district, Nepal, on May 21, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
A remaining window of a collapsed house is pictured after an earthquake at Barpak village, Nepal, on May 21, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
A damaged temple in Basantapur Durbar Square, photographed a day ahead of the International Conference on Nepal's Reconstruction on June 24, 2015 in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Omar Havana / Getty
This aerial view taken from a Nepalese military helicopter shows a relief camp for earthquake survivors in Kathmandu on May 28, 2015.

Ishara S. Kodikara / AFP / Getty
A woman walks past the debris of a collapsed house as she leaves a temple, months after two deadly earthquakes in Kathmandu, Nepal, on July 28, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
Workers renovate heritage sites in Basantapur Durbar Square in Kathmandu, Nepal, on July 21, 2015. The sites were destroyed by twin earthquakes that struck the Himalayan nation in April and May 2015.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
A Nepalese barber attends to customers in his temporary shop set up in the remains of destroyed buildings in Chautara, some 40 kilometers northeast of Kathmandu, on June 30, 2015.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
An earthquake victim sits with her baby girl, who was born nine days ago, inside their makeshift shelter in Kathmandu on July 8, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
Nepalese army personnel relocate a temporary shelter at a relief camp for earthquake survivors in Kathmandu on July 23, 2015.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
Rabi Baral stands next to his tent, set up at a relief camp for earthquake survivors in Kathmandu, on July 23, 2015. The 7.8-magnitude quake on April 25 destroyed the 41-year-old’s home and left him without a job, forcing him and his young family to take refuge in a makeshift camp in Kathmandu.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
An Akshaya Patra Foundation worker prepares rice for Nepal earthquake victims at a kitchen in Bhaktapur on the outskirts of Kathmandu on June 26, 2015. For thousands of quake victims in the Kathmandu valley, the arrival of a white van outside their tents twice a day provides rare comfort, holding the promise of a hot meal.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
Pigeons sit on bamboo poles jutting out from a damaged house in Bhaktapur, Nepal, on May 19, 2015.

Niranjan Shrestha / AP
A Nepalese child carries a carrom board from his damaged house in Bhaktapur, Nepal, on, May 14, 2015.

Bikram Rai / AP
In this June 10, 2015 photo, 13-year-old earthquake survivor Bir Bahadur Tamang sits with a metal brace supporting his left shin while it heals in Trishuli District, about 80 kilometers northwest of Kathmandu, Nepal. The powerful earthquakes that shook Nepal in April and May took more than 8,800 lives, but they also injured more than 22,000 people who are now struggling to recover from broken bones, lost limbs and other injuries, uncertain if they will ever be able to return to the lives they once knew.

Niranjan Shrestha / AP
A woman offers daily prayers at the statue of Lord Buddha that was damaged during the earthquake in Bhaktapur on July 14, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
Balloons dedicated to the memory of the people who died in the massive earthquake of April 25, 2015 are released into the sky at Basantapur Durbar Square in Kathmandu on June 27, 2015.

Niranjan Shrestha / AP
Workers renovate heritage sites in Basantapur Durbar Square in Kathmandu on July 21, 2015.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
An elderly Nepalese pedestrian walks past the remains of destroyed buildings in Chautara, Nepal, on June 30, 2015.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
Migmar Lama, an earthquake victim with a broken leg, walks out of a makeshift tent in Kathmandu on July 8, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
A Nepalese woman fills drinking water from a well in front of damaged houses in Kathmandu on May 25, 2015.

Niranjan Shrestha / AP
Nepalese students walk past a makeshift school in Durbar Square in Kathmandu on July 22, 2015.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty
A boy throws debris while manually demolishing collapsed houses in Bhaktapur, Nepal, on June 5, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
A Nepalese man walks through a path cleared through the rubble of damaged houses in Kathmandu on May 25, 2015.

Niranjan Shrestha / AP
An excavator attempts to demolish the remains of collapsed houses in Kathmandu on May 29, 2015.

Navesh Chitrakar / Reuters
A Nepalese worker carries parts of a damaged monastery to a safer place at the Swayambhunath Stupa in Kathmandu on June 18, 2015.

Niranjan Shrestha / AP
Earthquake survivor Maya Gurung’s prosthetic leg is attended to in a hospital in Banepal on the outskirts of Kathmandu. Maya is among thousands of Nepalese who face a daunting future after suffering loss of limbs, spinal and other permanent injuries in the twin quakes that claimed more than 8,800 lives.

Prakash Mathema / AFP / Getty

2015년 7월 29일 수요일

남성 홀몬 테스타스테론의 감소로 인한 문제들 : A Visual Guide to Low Testosterone

1.What Is Testosterone?

Testosterone may be the most notorious of hormones. It conjures up thoughts of muscles and masculinity. In fact, testosterone does fuel sex drive and muscle mass, but it also regulates mood and bone strength. When a man's level falls below normal, a doctor may prescribe shots, gels, or patches. But there is some debate over who needs treatment.

2.Aging and Testosterone Levels

A slow drop in testosterone is a normal part of aging, sometimes called "andropause" or "male menopause." For many men, this doesn't cause any significant problems or symptoms. Others may notice hot flashes, irritable moods, or less interest in sex.

3.Low Testosterone and the Body

Low testosterone can cause visible changes in some men:

Thinner muscles
Loss of body hair
Smaller, softer testicles
Larger breasts

4.Low Testosterone Affects Bones

You may think osteoporosis, or brittle bone disease, is a woman's disease, but it can affect men as well. Low testosterone is a common cause. As testosterone levels fall, the bones may get thinner, weaker, and more likely to break.

5.Low Testosterone and Sex

A drop in testosterone doesn't always interfere with sex, but it can make it more difficult for your brain and body to get aroused. Some men may notice a drop in libido, while others may lose interest in sex completely. Low testosterone can also make it tougher to get or keep an erection.

6.Testosterone, Mood, and Thinking

Some men have subtle problems like irritability or other mood changes, poor concentration, and less energy. These symptoms can easily be caused by other health problems though, like anemia, depression, sleep troubles, or a chronic illness.

7.Low Testosterone and Infertility

Testosterone helps a man's body make sperm. When levels of the hormone are low, his sperm "count" can be low, too. Without enough sperm, he may not be able to father a child.

8.What Causes Low Testosterone?

Getting older is the most common reason testosterone levels dip. Illnesses are sometimes to blame, including:

Type 2 diabetes
Liver or kidney disease
COPD
Pituitary gland problems
Testicle injuries

Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and steroid medicines can also affect testosterone levels.

9.Should You Be Tested?

Your doctor may suggest a testosterone test if you have:

Erectile dysfunction
Lower sex drive
Low sperm count
A loss of height, body hair, or muscle size

If you have an illness known to lower testosterone, your doctor may want to test your levels of the hormone

10.Testing for Low Testosterone

Testosterone is usually measured with a blood test done early in the morning, when levels are highest. Normal levels range from 300 to 1,000 ng/DL. Your doctor may want to run this test a second time before diagnosing low testosterone.

11.Treating Low Testosterone

If you have low blood levels of testosterone AND symptoms that affect your daily life, your doctor may suggest taking supplemental testosterone. Not everyone with low testosterone will need treatment. You may want to see a specialist to discuss the risks and possible benefits of treatment. Look for a urologist or an endocrinologist, a doctor who treats hormone problems.

12.Testosterone Replacement Therapy

If you need treatment, your doctor may prescribe testosterone to boost your levels. Some studies suggest this can strengthen a man's muscles, protect his bones, and improve his sex drive. But the effects can be quite different from one man to the next.

13.Testosterone Injections

Testosterone comes in several forms, including shots, gels, patches, and tablets you place on your gums. Injections are the least expensive option, but they can be painful. You take the shots every 7 to 22 days, as prescribed by your doctor. Your testosterone levels can swing up and down between doses.

14.Testosterone Gels or Patches

These are placed directly on your skin. The hormone seeps through the skin, and is slowly released into the blood. Because gels and patches are applied every day, they keep a steady level of testosterone. However, they can cause itching, irritation, and blisters. Women and children should not touch skin treated with a gel or patch.

15.Testosterone Tablets

Tablets are placed on the gums above your incisors every 12 hours. As the gel-like tablet dissolves it slowly releases testosterone. Gum tablets can cause a bitter taste, irritated mouth, tender gums, or headaches. These side effects may get better with time. You can eat, drink, and kiss women and children while using testosterone tablets.

16.Risks of Testosterone Therapy

Testosterone therapy has some drawbacks. Some men may develop:

Too many red blood cells
Sleep apnea
An enlarged prostate
Acne

The risks and benefits of taking testosterone for many years are not known, because large studies haven't been completed, yet.

17.Testosterone Use and Cancer

There's some concern that long-term use of testosterone may cause prostate cancer in older men. Men taking testosterone will need regular checkups to look for early signs of prostate cancer. This covers: All men over 50, men over 40 with a family history of prostate cancer, and all African American men.

18.Who Should Not Take Testosterone?

Men with these conditions shouldn't take testosterone:

Prostate or breast cancer
Poorly controlled heart disease
Untreated sleep apnea
Too many red blood cells

from WebMD

2015년 레드불 주최 Flugtag : The Flying Machines of Flugtag

ALAN TAYLOR

Since 1992, Red Bull has been organizing Flugtag (“flying day”) events around the world, where participants build and pilot homemade flying machines off a 28-foot-high flight deck above a body of water. Entries are judged for distance, creativity, and showmanship. The aerodynamic qualities of many of the creatively built aircraft are questionable, and most do not so much fly as... plummet. In 2013, the team “The Chicken Whisperers” set a distance record of 258 feet (78.64 meters) in Long Beach, California. Gathered here are images of Flugtag events over the past several years.

A participant operates a homemade human-powered flying machine during the Red Bull Flugtag event in the southern Indian city of Bangalore on September 28, 2014.

Abhishek N. Chinnappa / Reuters
The flying machine “How Iconic” takes off from the launch ramp into the water during the Flugtag competition on Sydney Harbour on April 6, 2008.

Anoek De Groot / AFP / Getty
“The True Anglian” flies off a ramp on Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park, London, during the Flugtag competition on June 7, 2008.

Sang Tan / AP
Participants send their aircraft into the water during Flugtag at Hudson River Park in New York City on October 5, 2003.

Chris Hondros / Getty
Former jockey and television personality Allan Robinson poses before a team briefing during the Red Bull Flugtag held at Mrs. Macquarie’s Point in Sydney, Australia, onApril 6, 2008.

Mark Nolan / Getty
The “Aliens” team competes during Red Bull Flugtag 2010 in Kiev on June 19, 2010.

Sergei Supinsky / AFP / Getty
The “Ilikeitdirty” Flugtag team, dressed up as the Sasha Baron Cohen character Borat, competes in Stockholm on June 30, 2013.

Jonathan Nackstrand / AFP / Getty
A flying team falls into water after taking off during the Red Bull Flugtag 2013 in Kiev, Ukraine, on June 2, 2013.

Sergei Chuzavkov / AP
A participant rides his craft during the Flugtag Russia 2013 competition on the outskirts of Moscow on July 28, 2013.

Maxim Shemetov / Reuters
A participant rides in a homemade flying craft during the Red Bull Flugtag event at West Kowloon Heliport in Hong Kong on October 10, 2010.

Bobby Yip / Reuters
Team “Super Squirrel” flies off a ramp in a man-powered aircraft during the longest flight competition on the Serpentine in Hyde Park, London, on August 3, 2003.

Sang Tan / AP
Competitors take part in the Flugtag event in Valparaiso, Chile, on February 8, 2014.

Martin Bernetti / AFP / Getty
A makeshift aircraft is launched from a platform into the Moskva River during the Flugtag Moscow 2011 competition on August 7, 2011.

Mikhail Metzel / AP
An Israeli man fles towards the water after taking off during the Flugtag 2011 competition in Tel Aviv, Israel, on June 3, 2011.

Oded Balilty / AP
Members of the “Enterprise” team send their aircraft off the edge of a pier into the river during Flugtag at Hudson River Park in New York City on October 5, 2003.

Chris Hondros / Getty
A participant operates "Flappy Bird," a self-made flying machine, during the Red Bull Flugtag event near Hong Kong's financial Central district on May 11, 2014.

Tyrone Siu / Siu Chiu / Reuters
A participant from the Global Point team from St. Petersburg, during the Flugtag Russia 2013 competition on the outskirts of Moscow, on July 28, 2013.

Maxim Shemetov / Reuters
A pilot falls during the Red Bull Flugtag Russia 2015 competition in Moscow, Russia, on July 26, 2015.

Sergei Karpukhin / Reuters
Members of the team “The Great Red Wingadillo” fall from the launch ramp towards the water during Flugtag on Sydney Harbour on April 6, 2008.

Anoek De Groot / AFP / Getty
The “Tchoomak Airlines” team competes during Red Bull Flugtag 2010 in Kiev on June 19, 2010.

Sergei Supinsky / AFP / Getty
“Bull-Run” team members launch their makeshift aircraft made in the shape of Buran, the Russian space shuttle, into the Moskva River during the Flugtag Moscow 2009 competition in Moscow on August 9, 2009.

Misha Japaridze / AP
A participant attempts to control a craft during the Flugtag Russia 2015 competition in Moscow, on July 26, 2015.

Sergei Karpukhin / Reuters
Members of the "Flying Duff" send their aircraft off the edge of a pier during Flugtag in New York City on October 5, 2003.

Chris Hondros / Getty
A participant sits in his falling flying machine at the Red Bull Flugtag competition in Hong Kong on October 10, 2010.

Kin Cheung / AP
The “Chicken Whisperer” craft soars at National Red Bull Flugtag Long Beach in Long Beach, California, in 2013. It landed in the water 258 feet from the launch platform, breaking the world distance record.

Carlo Cruz / Pr Newswire / AP